Groundnut, or peanut, is a major oilseed crop in India and an important agricultural export commodity. The kharif season, from June to October, is when groundnuts are most commonly grown in India. To evaluate groundnut output in 2018, a thorough survey was carried out in five of India’s most important groundnut-growing states. According to the study, 38,90,000 hectares of groundnuts were grown across India in the kharif of 2018; 83.7% of this total was grown in Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Maharashtra.
Peak sowing happens between 8 June and 5 July, and most groundnut producers have less than two hectares of land. Farmers typically bought seeds from regional merchants, but the seeds’ provenance needed to be more frequently understood. Farmers frequently used pesticides, with Gujarat and Rajasthan recording the greatest use rates.
With an estimated 2051 kg/ha yield, Rajasthan had the greatest Yield, followed by Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. A yield of 1336 kg/ha was determined to be the national average. Due to decreased acreage and irregular and insufficient rainfall, the Kharif 2018 output was lower than the previous year’s.
1 Acre Groundnut/Peanut Cultivation Project Report in India
Market and Demand for Groundnut/Peanut Cultivation
India grows an immense quantity of groundnuts for domestic consumption and export. One of the world’s top makers and exporters of groundnuts is India. India was the world’s second-largest producer of groundnuts in 2019–20, behind China, with an estimated 6.5 million tonnes generated. With about 45% of the nation’s total output, Gujarat is India’s top groundnut producer.
Due to its high protein and oil content, groundnut is a well-liked food product in India. It makes various food items, including snacks, oils, and butter. Due to its nutritional value and adaptability in cooking, groundnut demand has been gradually rising. As a result, groundnuts are a significant product from India. India shipped roughly 724 thousand tonnes of groundnuts worth approximately 633 million USD in 2019–20.
India’s groundnuts are primarily exported to Malaysia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. India’s groundnut industry is saturated with competitors, and many players exist. Adani Wilmar, Ruchi Soya Industries, and Marico are a few of the major players in the Indian groundnut industry. These businesses manufacture and market groundnut oil and other goods derived from groundnuts.
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Best High Yield Variety for Groundnut/Peanut Cultivation
- Girnar 4: Developed by the Junagadh Agricultural University in Gujarat, Girnar 4 is a disease-resistant, high-yielding variety resistant to leaf spots and rust. It has a prospective yield of 3,200 kg/ha on average.
- Jyoti: The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in Delhi developed this variety. Jyoti is renowned for its high harvest potential (3,000 to 3,500 kg/ha) and disease resistance.
- The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University developed TAG 24, a high-yielding variety resistant to Tikka leaf spots and rust. It has a prospective yield of 3,000 kg/ha on average.
- ICGS 44 is a popular hybrid cultivar developed in Telangana by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). ICGS 44 is renowned for its high productivity potential (3,500 to 4,000 kg/ha) and resistance to pests and disease.
- The University of Agricultural Sciences in Dharwad, Karnataka, developed the disease-resistant, high-yielding K-6 variety. It has a prospective yield range of 2,500 to 3,000 kg/ha.
Cost of Cultivation for 1-Acre Groundnut/Peanut Cultivation in India
- Land Preparation: The cost of land preparation for an acre of groundnut cultivation includes plowing, harrowing, leveling, and preparing the soil for sowing, which is Rs. 3500.
- Seeds & Sowing: The cost of seeds and sowing for an acre of groundnut cultivation varies based on the variety used. High-yielding varieties or hybrids are preferred for better yields. The cost of seeds and sowing for an acre of groundnut cultivation ranges from Rs. 4500.
- Manures & Manuring: The cost of manures and fertilizers used during the cultivation period for an acre of groundnut cultivation is around Rs. 3000 to Rs. 3500. This cost component covers the cost of transportation and application of manures and fertilizers in the field.
- Weeding after cultivation & Irrigation: The cost of weeding after cultivation and irrigation for an acre of groundnut cultivation is around Rs. 4500 to Rs. 5500. This cost component includes the cost of weeding, irrigation, and other maintenance activities required during the cultivation period.
- Plant Protection: The cost of plant protection measures such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides used during the cultivation period for an acre of groundnut cultivation ranges from Rs. 4000 to Rs. 5000.
- Harvest and other expenses: The cost of harvesting activities, transport, and other miscellaneous expenses for an acre of groundnut cultivation is around Rs. 10000 to Rs. 12000.
The total cost of cultivation for an acre of groundnut varies between Rs. 30,500 to Rs. 35,000. The prevalence of insects, other sugarcane varieties, the climate, and other abiotic factors can impact the total cost of cultivation.
Total Returns from 1 acre Groundnut/Peanut Cultivation
The average Yield per acre is 10-12 quintals or 1000-1200 kg if groundnut/peanut cultivation Yield 10 quintals per acre. The crop’s current market price influences the overall returns from growing groundnuts or peanuts on an acre.
According to data compiled by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, prices for groundnuts on the open market ranged from about Rs. 5,500 to about Rs. 6,500 per quintal in 2016. Growing one acre of groundnuts or peanuts would bring in between Rs 55,000 and Rs 80,000. As was said above, you can get even better returns if you use hybrids to grow plants.
Net Profit from 1-acre Groundnut/Peanut Cultivation
The net profit from 1-acre groundnut/peanut cultivation would depend on the difference between the total returns and the total cost of cultivation. Assuming a conservative estimate of Rs. 55,000-80,000 as total returns and taking the average cost of cultivation at Rs. 32,750- the net profit from 1-acre groundnut/peanut cultivation would be around Rs. 45,000 -55,000. However, this figure can vary depending on factors such as Yield, market price, and cost of cultivation.
In case you missed it: Groundnut Production Guide: A Step-By-Step Cultivation Practices for Beginners
Conclusion
The total expense of a project to cultivate groundnuts or peanuts on 1 acre in India ranges from Rs. 30,500 to Rs. 35,000. The anticipated returns from the crop would be in the range of Rs. 55,000–80,000 with an average yield of 10–12 quintals or 1000–1200 kg per acre. The net profit can be determined by deducting the total cost from the total return, depending on several variables.
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