Maize, also known as corn, is a major crop in India that is grown year-round, with 85 percent of the land under cultivation during the kharif season. It is also a primary material for thousands of industrial products, including starch, oil, protein, alcoholic beverages, sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, film, textiles, gum, packaging, and paper. Maize, after rice and wheat, is India’s third most important food crop, producing 10% of the nation’s dietary grain.
The principal corn-growing states in India are Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Punjab, which account for two-thirds of the country’s total corn production and cultivation area. Among specialty corn, sweet corn is acquiring popularity in urban areas due to its flavor and other human consumption-related applications. However, the need for high-yielding varieties of sweet maize presents a challenge.
With rising demand for maize and establishing a competitive supply chain, it is necessary to focus not only on production and productivity but also on resolving the issues facing the maize supply chain. It includes improving infrastructure, making high-yield varieties of sweet maize, encouraging value-adding and processing, ensuring quality standards are met, and giving farmers more market access.
1 Acre Maize/Corn Cultivation Project Report in India
Market and Demand for Maize/Corn Cultivation
The increasing demand for corn and corn-based products is expected to push the Indian corn market to significant growth for projections. After rice and wheat, India’s third most significant crop is corn, grown for human and animal consumption. The world corn market was 1118 million metric tons in 2020 and is expected to grow 5.3% to 1524 million metric tons by 2026.
Because corn is readily available in India, the poultry and cattle feed market is anticipated to account for a sizable share of the total throughout the forecast period. Market growth is driven by rising disposable incomes, population growth, urbanization, demand for sorbitol and starch, demand from the feed sector, and consumer demand.
Due to its light, porous, and crunchy texture, popcorn is anticipated to grow rapidly over the forecast period. It is because it is one of the most popular snack items in many parts of the nation, especially in cities. In addition, popcorn flour can be substituted for many ingredients in classic recipes. Based on where it will ultimately be used, the market can be broken down into fresh food for human consumption, animal feed for chickens and cattle, processed food, and other applications.
Best High Yielding Varieties for Maize/Corn Cultivation
- 30V92, India’s first kernel-count hybrid. It can be watered or rainfed at 80,000 plants/ha. This variety’s high shelling percentage recovers more seeds per cob.
- 30B07, a kernel count variety, establishes quickly after emergence. It should be grown at 80,000/ha in the North and 70,000/ha in the South. This variety’s crop ripeness is 115-125 days in the South and 155-160 days in North India. The cobs have vivid orange grains and 80% shelling. This species resists leaf diseases in the field.
- Kernel count corn hybrid 30R77 is high-yielding. It grows medium-sized, uniform stems in 105-115 days. High-shelling cobs are uniform and dense. This type can be intercropped with turmeric. Bold orange grains sell for more. It’s also water-tolerant.
- 32T25 is ideal for short-maturity crosses, maturing in 80-85 days. This hybrid grows well after sunflower or spring corn crops and has rich orange grains like “desi makka.” 31T15 matures in 95-100 days and has a high shelling rate, yielding high. Cobs have thick husks and rich tip filling. High-yielding maize hybrids offer farmers great cultivation and yield choices.
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Cost of Cultivation for 1-Acre Maize/Corn Cultivation in India
- Human Labor Cost: Included in this Cost are the wages given to laborers who perform tasks like weeding, plowing, sowing, and harvesting. For producing one acre of maize, labor costs amount to Rs. 6500-7500.
- Animal Labor Cost: This expense covers using animals, such as bullocks, for various tasks, including plowing. For cultivating one acre of corn, animal labor costs Rs. 1200.
- Machine Cost: This expense covers utilizing equipment, like tractors and harvesters, for different tasks. For one acre of corn cultivation, machine labor costs Rs. 5,000-6,000.
- Seed Cost: This expense covers the Cost of acquiring premium maize seedlings for planting. The seed price for growing corn on a single acre is Rs. 2500-3000.
- Cost of fertilizers and manure, which are necessary for the development of maize plants, is included in this expense. Cultivating one acre of corn, fertilizers, and manure will cost Rs. 4,000-5,500.
- Plant Protection: This expense includes the costs associated with using pesticides and other tools to shield maize plants from disease and pests. For one acre of maize farming, plant protection costs Rs. 2000-4000.
- Irrigation: This expense includes the Cost of irrigating the maize crop. Irrigation costs for growing corn on a single acre are Rs. 2500-3000.
- Total Cost of Cultivation = Human Labor Cost + Animal Labor Cost + Machine Cost + Seed Cost + Fertilizer & Manure Cost + Plant Protection Cost + Irrigation Cost
In India, the total cost of growing one acre of corn or maize is between Rs. 24,700 and Rs. 30,200. It is important to remember that these expenses can change based on region, the number of acres, seed variety, and other inputs used.
Total Returns from 1 Acre of Maize/Corn Cultivation in India
With an average yield of 35 quintals per acre and an average market price of Rs. 2350 per quintal, the total returns from one acre of maize cultivation in India would be.
- Total returns = Yield x Price
- Total returns = 35 quintals x Rs. 2350/quintal
- Total returns = Rs. 82,250
Thus, one acre of corn in India returns Rs. 82,250. Market demand, crop quality, and labor costs affect returns.
Net Profit from 1 Acre of Maize/Corn Cultivation in India
- Total Cost of Cultivation: Rs. 24,700 – Rs. 30,200 (depending on various factors)
- Total Returns: Rs. 82,250
- Net Profit: Total Returns – Total Cost of Cultivation
- Net Profit = Rs. 82,250 – Rs. 24,700 (minimum cost estimate)
- Net Profit = Rs. 57,550
- Net Profit = Rs. 82,250 – Rs. 30,200 (maximum cost estimate)
- Net Profit = Rs. 52,050
Thus, one acre of cultivating maize in India nets Rs. 52,050 to Rs. 57,550. Profitability depends on region, seed variety, input costs, market demand, and other aspects.
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Conclusion
The Cost of cultivating one acre of maize/corn in India is between Rs. 24,700 and Rs. 30,200. With an average yield of 35 quintals per acre and an average market price of Rs. 2350 per quintal, the net Profit from one acre of maize cultivation in India is approximately Rs. 52,050-57,550.
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